Over time, English privateers grew in numbers, with the more successful commanding well-armed fleets of multiple ships.

Though it was risky work, many sailors preferred it to more official service on the King’s ships, which offered low pay, poor sanitary conditions, and an aging fleet. Privateering was highly profitable, and kept English ports filled with valuable goods and cargo. Previously, privateers, mariners commissioned by the English Crown to attack merchant ships from enemy countries, were allowed to split their captured loot between themselves, their sponsors, and the Crown itself. The story of the leeskarte began in 1604, when James I of England ended the long English naval tradition of “privateering” as part of a peace agreement with Spain.

“It is a type of ‘treasure map’ informing on the heritage within the landscape at the time,” she says, “which could potentially help us identify other pirate-related locations, including archaeological sites.” Connie KelleherĬritically, for Kelleher, the leeskarte they used-an example of which she studied at the University of Göttingen in Germany-not only reveals pirate locations, but also depicts shoreline features and cultural landmarks from the time. Nearly unstoppable in their day, these pirates met their demise in 1614, in large part due to a devastating attack by a Dutch fleet guided by a leeskarte-a set of navigational instructions with charts of the Irish coastline, created specifically to detail the locations of such pirate havens. Kelleher is an expert on a uniquely organized “pirate alliance” that formed in early-17th-century Ireland and preyed on ships laden with cargo and treasure throughout the North Atlantic. “Given its remote and hidden position, Dutchman’s Cove was an ideal location for pirate and smuggling operations,” explains Connie Kelleher, an underwater archaeologist with Ireland’s National Monument Service. Visiting the same location today, now known as Dutchman’s Cove, with its eroded and worn steps and niches, it is easy to imagine such clandestine activity taking place. From the darkness, a ship slowly emerged and drifted, silently, toward them. Placing their lanterns into two small niches that had also been hollowed out of the rock, the men waited. The flickering light from their lanterns revealed a hidden stairway cut directly into the rock, which they carefully descended down to the sea. ISBN 978-1-85233-193-1.On a dark night early in the 17th century, a group of men gathered atop the seaside cliffs outside of Castlehaven, a small village on the southwestern coast of Ireland. Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes (6th revised ed.). 'Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU'. Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature. If successful, this mission could be the first private landing on the lunar surface, and would be the first Japanese probe to land on the Moon. The Atlas crater is the primary landing site of the Hakuto-R Mission 1 by ispace, scheduled to launch on December 7, 2022. Around the midpoint is a cluster of low central hills arranged in a circular formation.īy convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Atlas. Along the north and northeastern inner sides are a handful of dark-halo craters, most likely due to eruptions. A system of slender clefts named the Rimae Atlas crosses the crater floor, and were created by volcanism. There are two dark patches along the inner edge of the walls one along the north edge and another besides the southeast edges. Floor-fractures are usually created as a result of volcanic modifications. This is a floor-fractured crater with a rough and hilly interior that has a lighter albedo than the surroundings. The inner wall of Atlas is multiply terraced and the edge slumped, forming a sharp-edged lip. Northeast of Atlas is the large crater Endymion. Just to the west is the slightly smaller but still prominent crater Hercules. Atlas and Hercules at center, near the terminator as viewed from EarthĪtlas is a prominent lunar impact crater that is located in the northeast part of the Moon, to the southeast of Mare Frigoris.

Mw pirates moon atlas